Where the spine of the scapula ends at the medial border is called the root of the spine of the scapula. FIGURE Superior angle of the scapula: Once the medial border of the scapula has been located, palpate along it superiorly until you reach the superior angle of the scapula.
Having the client elevate and depress the scapula as you palpate for its superior angle can be helpful. FIGURE Inferior angle of the scapula: Palpate along the medial border of the scapula from the superior angle down to the inferior angle of the scapula.
FIGURE Lateral border of the scapula: Once you are at the inferior angle of the scapula, continue palpating superiorly along the lateral border of the scapula. It is easiest to feel the lateral border if your pressure is directed medially.
Although challenging, the lateral border of the scapula can usually be palpated all the way to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, just inferior to the glenoid fossa of the scapula.
To confirm that you are on the infraglenoid tubercle, ask the client to extend the forearm at the elbow joint against resistance to bring out the infraglenoid attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii you can provide the resistance or the client can provide the resistance by pressing the forearm against his or her own thigh.
FIGURE Greater tubercle, bicipital groove, and lesser tubercle of the humerus: The greater tubercle is located on the lateral side of the bicipital groove; the lesser tubercle is located on the medial side.
First locate the anterolateral margin of the acromion process of the scapula and then immediately drop off it onto the head of the humerus; you should be on the greater tubercle of the humerus A and B. You should be able to feel your palpating finger dropping into the bicipital groove as it passes under your finger pads C. Your palpating fingers will clearly run into the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus; they will prominently be the widest points along the sides of the humerus near the elbow joint B.
With the thumb and middle finger on the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus, place your index finger on the olecranon process, located halfway between the two epicondyles. To palpate it, begin at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and drop immediately distal to it. Feeling the joint space between the head of the radius and the humerus is possible.
To bring out the radial head, place two fingers on either side proximal and distal of it and ask the client to alternately pronate and supinate the forearm at the radioulnar joints; the spinning of the head of the radius can be felt under your fingers. FIGURE Styloid process of the radius: Find the lateral shaft of the radius and continue palpating it distally until you reach the styloid process of the radius located at the distal end. NOTE: A small portion of the distal lateral radial shaft is not directly palpable because it is deep to three deep thumb muscles of the posterior forearm.
From the styloid process of the radius, palpate posteriorly onto the radius; the dorsal tubercle will be a prominence located in the middle of the distal posterior radial shaft. FIGURE Styloid process of the ulna: The styloid process of the ulna is located at the distal end of the ulna on the posterior side. From the dorsal tubercle of the radius, move medially onto the posterior surface of the distal ulna and feel for the prominence of the ulnar styloid.
FIGURE Tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium: The tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium are prominent and palpable anteriorly on the hand.
To locate them, palpate the lateral radial surface of the anterior hand and feel for two bony prominences. Reference article, Radiopaedia. URL of Article. On this page:. Quiz questions. Normal and Pathological Anatomy of the Shoulder. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon 2.
Brookes M, Revell WJ. Blood Supply of Bone: Scientific Aspects. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon. Related articles: Anatomy: Upper limb. Promoted articles advertising. It is a planar synovial joint that holds the scapula and clavicle together while allowing the scapula to glide in many directions relative to the rest of the body.
Two major muscles, the deltoid and trapezius, attach to the acromion. The deltoid, which abducts the arm at the shoulder, forms its origin along the acromion, the spine of the scapula, and the clavicle. From these origins, it crosses the shoulder joint and inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
The trapezius muscle arises from the spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and inserts on the acromion and spine of the scapula.
Contraction of the trapezius rotates and retracts the scapula or may help to stabilize its position. By: Tim Taylor.
Last Updated: Oct 27,
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