Carrera brought back governing and social practices reminiscent of the colonial period, such as favoring the church and the landed classes. Barrios was a staunch liberal compared to Carrera, and he immediately dismantled the antiquated social structure Carrera had restored. Much of this unused land belonged to the United Fruit Company, an American corporation that traded and sold the tropical fruits grown in several Central American countries.
So, America decided to interfere. Under the leadership of Carlos Castillo Armas, the small army invaded Guatemala through Honduras in The Guatemalan army did not put up much of a fight, and Arbenz escaped to Mexico while Armas rose to power. Armas introduced a conservative regime to the country, which had long been ruled by a string of liberals, thus reversing nearly all the reforms that had been introduced since Despite Armas being assassinated three years later, Guatemala saw itself reverting back to a country of violence and unrest.
Throughout the s and 70s, Guatemala was subject to a series of brutal military regimes. This action resulted in some semblance of peace returning to the country, with the election of civilian president Vinicio Cerezo. Citizens were hopeful that Cerezo would be the man to finally bring an end to the fighting, however, his term ended with violence still springing up in several parts of the country.
The agreement, which is known as the Peace Accords, recognizes all of the human rights atrocities committed by the military regimes during the 36 years of civil war, as well as provides provisions for addressing basic social services missing from the country. Many of these provisions remained unfulfilled today, and Guatemala still struggles to maintain the peace that they have more or less enjoyed since the end of the civil war.
Guatemala briefly became part of the Mexican Empire and then for a period belonged to a federation called The United Provinces of Central America, until the federation broke up in civil war during — Guatemala's Rafael Carrera was instrumental in leading the revolt against the federal government and breaking apart the Union. Carrera dominated Guatemalan politics until , backed by conservatives, large land-owners and the church.
Guatemala's "Liberal Revolution" came in under the leadership of Justo Rufino Barrios, who worked to modernize the country, improve trade, and introduce new crops and manufacturing.
During this era coffee became an important crop for Guatemala. Barrios had ambitions of reuniting Central America and took the country to war in an unsuccessful attempt at reunification. While on a tour of Guatemala, travelers will discover a country that is still addressing the wounds after its year long civil war. Few exceptional leaders have graced Guatemala's political podium.
He established the nation's social security, health systems and a government bureau to look after Mayan concerns. He also instituted an agrarian reform law to break up the large estates and foster highly productive, individually owned small farms.
The expropriation of lands controlled by foreign companies, a move supported by the country's Communist Party, brought about the controversial involvement of the U. Central Intelligence Agency. For the next 30 years military officers dominated Guatemala. Political parties, labor groups and rural organizations were banned or severely restricted. As both protest and repression became more violent, civil war broke out.
With no peaceful way to seek political or social change, many Guatemalans turned to violence. In response to a growing population of guerillas among the landless indigenous people in the 's, the army unleashed a campaign of terror in which thousands of people were killed and entire villages were massacred.
Over its year history, the war claimed the lives of an estimated , people. Booming industrialization in the 60's and 70's helped the rich get richer. Cities became increasingly squalid as the rural dispossessed fled the countryside to find urban employment. The military's suppression of antigovernment elements finally led the USA to cut off military assistance.
His attempts to end the decades-long civil war failed. In May , following a series of public protests, he carried out an auto-coup. Guatemala Background. Gazetteers History Jurisdictions Languages Maps. Personal Names Spanish Word List. Local Research Resources. The FamilySearch moderator for Guatemala is Dwsmith2. One option is to look for records about the ancestor in the country of destination, the country they immigrated into. See links to Wiki articles about immigration records for major destination countries below.
Additional Wiki articles for other destinations can be found at Category:Emigration and Immigration Records.
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