Click on the link below if you'd like to do a quick review of proper nouns and other uses for capital letters. Think of it this way, names of specific people, places and things are proper nouns. General or common nouns like school, province, country, mountain, and ocean, are not proper nouns and not capitalized. Even names of specific regions and specific buildings are capitalized such as the B.
Interior, the Pacific Northwest, the Houses of Parliament. There are many other instances where capital, or upper case, letters are required. There are so many in fact, you may have forgotten some. So I've listed 6 significant ones below:.
Upper case letters are very useful at indicating things like the beginning of sentences, and proper nouns. So it's important they are reserved for those special uses. Of course they can still be used to make titles and certain words stand out. But they mustn't be overused.
Otherwise, the very useful jobs they perform will get lost in the clutter. You'll use a simple saying to help you use the correct letter form, and you'll find it easy to switch from using upper case to lower case letters. When you substitute a mirror image letter for your intended letter, words become very challenging to read. The most commonly reversed letters are b and d.
A couple of less common side-by-side reversals are p and q, and z and s. An upside-down reversal is m for w, or vice versa. The best way to avoid letter reversals is to apply a memory aid as you write. Take the course. Or, practice writing lower case letters and while you write each one a few times, describe what you're doing out loud.
For example, if you were writing the letter 'a', you could say, "Go around, up and down. NOTE: Our brains have got used to seeing the letters we read most often, the ones in books and magazines,. When your handwriting is different from common fonts you see every day, it's far more difficult to read. Handwriting fonts like the ones on the three lines below look as if their letters are wearing a disguise! When you view these less common fonts, reading skills you've developed aren't as useful.
This slows your reading speed, and makes it hard for you to take in and remember what you've been reading.
If letters are confusing, you have to put more energy into the process of reading and writing. So you have less brain power left over to think about what you're reading and writing. Your ability to learn and remember words and ideas is reduced!
If your letters don't resemble common print typeface , and aren't uniform, your words can be unnecessarily difficult for you and others to read. The letters of common fonts are more rounded than the letters we're used to writing. In fact, because of the ways we were taught to write, we can find it impossible to make our letters consistently rounded. The 'Analog Clock Trick' will magically give your letters a consistent, rounded shape that is most like the fonts you read every day.
When you use it, your handwriting will be much easier to read. In fact, you can use it to learn how to change your handwriting into a font!
CLICK on the button, and learn how to write neatly using a simple trick! NOTE: Both questions 4, 5 have to do with letter size. Question 4 deals with height, and Question 5 deals with width. Your tall letters should be approximately twice the size of your short letters, and none of your letters should take up all the space between lines.
When the tops and tails of letters are too short in relation to the letter body those letters can be mistaken for other letters. The tops and tails of letters should not stretch to lines above and below. If they do, they can overlap letters written on other lines. This will make both lines of words more difficult to read. Remember the lines we were given to practice handwriting? They looked like the ones in the image above. Note how the letters in the red circle overlap.
I've you've had trouble making your letters the right size, maybe it's the way you were taught! NOTE: The quick fixes are relevant even if you never use lined paper. Just imagine the lines and spaces you need, and this will improve your writing by creating symmetry and more blank space.
You won't need to do any extra practice, just use extra sheets of this specially lined paper for a week or so and you'll easily form a habit of making your letters the correct height. Note: If your letters don't all sit on the baseline, your letter height may appear out of whack when the letters are actually the correct height just jumping out of place! You'll learn how to keep letters and words lined up when we consider letter slope. In order to determine correct letter width, it's helpful to think of letters as occupying 4 different shapes.
They can either fit into:. A line: i, l b. Boxes: a, c, e, n, o, r, s, u, v, x, z c. Tall narrow rectangles: b, d, f, g, h, j, k, p, q, t, y d. Low wide rectangles: m, w. Letters that are as wide as the fonts we are used to reading every day, are far more readable than letters that are more squished!
The rounder your letters, the better. In addition, when letters like 'm', and 'w' are squished, they can be confused with the letters 'n' and 'v' that are only half as wide.
Make sure the letter 'm' is almost twice as wide as the letter 'n', and the letter 'w' is almost twice as wide as the letter 'v'. Letters fit into 3 shapes: lines, squares, and rectangles. Rectangles can be either tall or wide, and sit on the baseline or fall below it. These will magically solve any problems! When your letters are slanted uniformly, and slanted only slightly or not at all, words are easy to recognize and sentences are much easier to read. Your letters have the correct slant if they are all straight up and down, or slightly slanted, and all slanted the same way.
The slant of your letters has a big impact on their readability. And just like the fonts you read every day, this style of lettering has no slant! Some people believe that improving the amount of space between letters and words is just as important as improving shape! If your letters overlap, or words appear too cramped, your writing will be difficult to read. Well spaced letters and words are readable at a glance.
Your letter spacing is correct if no letters overlap within words, and letters are spaced the same width apart. The space between letters should be about the same width as half of the letter 'o'. Your word spacing is correct if no words overlap, and words are spaced the same width apart. The space between words should be about the same width as the letter 'o'.
NOTE: You'll find that handwriting requires a larger space between letters and words than published fonts. Make the spaces between letters about as wide as half of the letter 'o'.
Make the spaces between words about as wide as the width of the letter 'o'. Letter details are something you'll want to consider alongside letter shape. That's because silly details are also very important when it comes to making letters easy to recognize and easy to tell apart from one another. In fact, silly details aren't silly at all! If 'silly details' are missing, the coloured letters. For example, close loops to make letters easy to recognize.
Check the image to the right to see how a's and o's can look like c's and u's unless you're careful. Dot your i's and j's, cross your t's and f's as soon as you write the letter in question. Yes, you'll write a little slower if you're paying attention to all these details. But you won't have to do this forever. Just spend a few days paying close attention to your letters every chance you get. This is the way to build a habit of taking the necessary steps.
Once you've built the habits you need, you can go back to writing in the usual way. At that point, you'll be happy with your new and improved results! If you need to work on 'silly details', take a day to use your new tip before you go on. Special sayings with trigger the correct actions until those actions become habits. Here's a list of some of the best handwriting Instagram accounts to get you started.
But learning the basics, and knowing what to actually practice, is also an essential step. Enter the Spencerian Method: This super holistic theory book teaches you every minute detail of the writing process — from the angle at which you should sit and the individual strokes that go into every letter to how you should hold a pen. Once you get through all the workbooks, you'll pretty much be a pro. While the previous book gets into the nitty-gritty of cursive writing, this book instructs readers on making your everyday handwriting style more consistent, faster, and ultimately more legible.
Start with simple fonts to get started, then progress to bubbly, rounded, and curvy letters. Watch the whole video here. A free subscription to Tiny Ray of Sunshine will let you print worksheets to practice correct spacing, slants, and correctly sized letters. Get yours here. It might even make a great end of the year gift for someone very special to you.
Handwriting Is History by Anne Trubek [ web archive ]. Platt R. Spencer - Ohio History Center [ short bio ].
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